Every year Americans contribute to IRAs, 401k plans, and other retirement plans, building resources that help them secure a comfortable retirement. And, thanks to careful, diligent saving, many families are waking up to an attractive nest egg in their retirement years.
Statistics indicate that most people take only minimum withdrawals from their IRAs for a number of years after age 70 1/2. As a result, many retirement fund balances do not diminish until retirees are well into their eighties, if at all. This means that retirement accounts are often a substantial portion of the estate at death.
The most common way retirement funds are transferred is by naming a child as the beneficiary of the retirement plan. And while this seems on the surface to provide children with a nice inheritance, transferring retirement funds in this manner can result in the highest levels of taxation, dramatically shrinking the actual amount realized by family.
For example, a $1 million dollar IRA could be subject to federal estate tax, state inheritance tax, and federal and state income tax. The net result of this taxation can easily approach 60% . . . leaving only 40% for the children . . . or $400,000 of the original $1 million plan.
Retirement accounts are excellent tools for amassing funds, but make poor inheritance plans. However, there is good news. Some careful planning can result in minimum tax and maximum returns.
This report discusses the pitfalls that both IRA owners and beneficiaries can fall into, and the techniques to avoid them. Please note - the planning techniques described in this report are not all applicable to Roth IRAs. Consult your tax or legal advisor for advice regarding your specific situation.
A Typical Estate
Let’s take a look at the Estate of Mary Smith. Mary has a typical estate of $500,000 which includes a $50,000 IRA. Mary has been a faithful supporter of a charity and desires to leave a tenth of the estate to that charity.

The typical plan is to allow the children to receive the IRA under the IRA beneficiary designation and to transfer $50,000 by will from the remaining assets to the charity. Since the estate assets generally include a home, perhaps stocks and bonds, cash and CDs and land, the assets given to charity would come from the type of assets that could be given to family with no income taxation to the family. That is, assets that enjoy a “step-up” in basis.
However, IRAs do not receive a “stepped-up” basis. The recipient will pay income tax on the entire amount of IRA assets when they are distributed. The chart illustrates that the IRA passed to the children has shrunk by $15,000, or 30%. Larger estates that exceed estate tax limits will experience more significant tax impact. The important point to keep in mind from this simple illustration is that even the smallest estates will experience a tax impact if the distribution of retirement assets is not handled carefully.
|
Total Estate |
Children |
Charity |
IRS |
| IRA |
$ 50,000 |
$ 35,000 |
-0- |
$ 15,000 |
| Other assets |
$450,000 |
$400,000 |
$ 50,000 |
-0- |
Continue for “A Better Solution”…. Read the rest of this entry »